Sindromul de ochi uscat este o afecțiune comună a ochilor, caracterizată prin simptome precum senzația de uscăciune, iritație, senzație de nisip în ochi și vedere încețoșată. Cauzele sindromului de ochi uscat pot fi multiple, inclusiv expunerea prelungită la ecranele de calculator, mediu uscat, utilizarea excesivă a lentilelor de contact sau producția insuficientă de lacrimi. Pentru tratarea ochilor uscați, există diverse opțiuni, cum ar fi utilizarea picăturilor hidratante, aplicarea căldurii umede și adoptarea unui regim adecvat de hidratare oculară. Înțelegerea simptomelor și cauzelor sindromului de ochi uscat este esențială pentru a alege cel mai potrivit tratament și a obține un confort ocular optim.

Introducere

Dry eye syndrome is a common condition affecting 5-20% of the population, with a prevalence dependent on age and lifestyle. 

In general, dry eyes are associated with tear film instability , due to insufficient tear production of tears or due to excess tear film evaporation. The second form is responsible for approximately 80% of dry eye cases. dry eye. In this case, we refer to a deficiency in the outer layer of the tear film, which is secreted from the meibomian glands, the which deficiency leads to excess evaporation of the underlying aqueous layer from the within the tear film, automatically leading to tear film instability and response inflammatory response in the ocular superface.

In the dysfunction syndrome meibomian gland dysfunction hyperkeratinization of the duct epithelium was evident and hyperviscosity of the meibum. Consequently, the terminal duct thickened by hyperkeratinisation is partially or totally obstructed by the secretion of meibum thickened in consistency . This results in cystic dilatation of the meibomian glands with a decrease in their secretion. A circle is activated vicious circle characterised by excessive evaporation, instability, hyperosmolarity, inflammation and local bacterial proliferation. As a result visual disturbances, eye discomfort or foreign body sensation eye. If the process accelerates, the discomfort becomes almost permanent, associated with a paradoxical production of tears through eye irritation.

So far, dry eye syndrome due to excessive tear film evaporation has benefited from multiple avenues of treatment including warm therapy, eyelid hygiene with the help of different products, mechanical expression of meibum, specific artificial tears. Anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, immunomodulatory agents were taken in considered as short-term treatment routes in severe cases with complications or refractory to initial treatment. Adequate control was difficult to achieve and sustain over time, thus accentuating the need for development of more effective alternative therapeutic management.

Tratament sindrom de ochi uscat

Intense Pulsed Light Therapy (IPL) has been generally used in the cosmetic industry for diseases such as benign cavernous haemangiomas, telangiectasias. Initial application of light intense pulsed light for dry eye syndrome was performed in 2002 by Dr Rolando Tayos when a patient who had received IPL treatment for rosacea experienced significant improvements in his symptoms. dry eye symptoms. Since then, studies have been initiated with promising results.

Therapy with intense pulsed light with E-EYE equipment is designed and manufactured in France, it is medically certified by organisations international independent medical organizations and is a specially designed medical for the treatment of dry eyes caused by evaporation. According to the latest studies, it is effective in 80% of dry eye syndrome cases. The equipment generates regular intense pulsed light. It is able to generate uniform and perfectly calibrated sequences of light pulses, emitting cold light' that stimulates the glands meibomian glands in complete safety. In response to this stimulation, the glands secrete more meibum. The normal structure of the tear film is restored and the symptoms associated with dry eye syndrome will decrease in intensity or disappear. This treatment is non-invasive, painless and completely harmless to the eyeball.

Evaluation effectiveness of treatment in restoring stability of the tear film was achieved both subjectively through differences in daily state experienced by the patient who received treatment and by objective methods, measured before and after treatment.

Prin metode imagistice complexe, s-au analizat diferite aspecte morfologice sau legate de funcționalitatea în timp real, de la nivelul filmului lacrimal, conjunctivei, glandelor meibomiene cât și de la nivelul pleoapelor.

S-a analysed the stability of the tear film by analysing micro-deformations the surface of the tear film, an examination with a specificity and much higher sensitivity than the classical tear film break-up time. The latter analyses the changes in depth, the tears themselves within the tear film that occur much later and are more difficult to quantify. in evolution. 

Also subsequently, emphasis was placed on the analysis of the anatomical structure responsible for lipid component of the tear film, namely the morphological aspect of the meibomian glands. Meibography can be used to analyse 2 parameters: the rate of meibomian glands and their morphological appearance- dilated glands suggesting possible retention of secretions by a blockage of the drainage ducts.

Beneficii E-EYE

Deoarece sindromul de ochi uscat este răspunzător pentru fenomenele inflamatorii locale apărute ca și un răspuns la acest tip de afectare a suprafeței oculare, s-a încercat monitorizarea  în evoluție a gradului de hiperemie conjunctivală cât și aspectul și întinderea zonelor cu fenomene inflamatorii locale de la nivel cornean și conjunctival. 

All investigations have shown real changes following treatment E-EYE both qualitatively and quantitatively with good results recorded in the studies carried out so far at European level. 

This equipment, soon to be available in our clinic, currently has a real and promising alternative for treating dry eye syndrome, increasingly diagnosed among our patients, regardless of age.

Descoperiți mai multe informații valoroase despre oftalmologie și sănătatea ochilor vizionând materialele realizate de experți în domeniu de pe canalul nostru de YouTube.

Dr. Pac Cristina Patricia

Specialist ophthalmologist