{"id":1021,"date":"2020-09-30T12:31:43","date_gmt":"2020-09-30T11:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/?p=1021"},"modified":"2023-09-07T09:39:08","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T08:39:08","slug":"schimbarile-mediului-si-efectele-asupra-ochilor-nostri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/en\/schimbarile-mediului-si-efectele-asupra-ochilor-nostri\/","title":{"rendered":"Schimb\u0103rile mediului \u0219i efectele asupra ochilor no\u0219tri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Descoper\u0103 cum schimb\u0103rile mediului influen\u021beaz\u0103 ochii no\u0219tri \u0219i efectele asociate. Articolul nostru analizeaz\u0103 \u00een profunzime impactul schimb\u0103rilor mediului asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii ochilor \u0219i modul \u00een care putem proteja vederii noastre pre\u021bioase. De la poluarea aerului la expunerea excesiv\u0103 la lumina albastr\u0103 emis\u0103 de dispozitivele electronice, vom explora solu\u021bii practice \u0219i sfaturi utile pentru a men\u021bine ochii s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i \u0219i a combate efectele negative ale mediului asupra vederii noastre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introducere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niccolo Machiavelli, scriitor italian, spune intr-una din\noperele sale&nbsp;: ,,o schimbare o preg\u0103te\u0219te pe alta\u201d. F\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 vrem\n, schimbarea mediului \u00een care tr\u0103im provoac\u0103 schimb\u0103ri \u00een interiorul nostru de\ncare este bine s\u0103 \u021binem cont.&nbsp;Odat\u0103 cu modernizarea stilului nostru de via\u021b\u0103, a\nintensific\u0103rii activit\u0103\u021bii rutiere \u0219i a dezvolt\u0103rii activit\u0103\u021bii industriale se\n\u00eenmul\u021besc \u0219i factorii poluan\u021bi \u0219i nocivi pentru organismul nostru. Aspecte\nabsolut necunoscute&nbsp; pentru genera\u021biile trecute,\nsunt ast\u0103zi probleme de actualitate pentru starea noastr\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate. Printre\nacestea se num\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i impactul polu\u0103rii mediului asupra st\u0103rii oculare, problem\u0103\nridicat\u0103 \u00een urma apari\u021biei unor noi patologii sau cre\u0219terii ini\u021bial\ninexplicabile \u00een frecven\u021b\u0103 a altor patologii deja documentate din sfera\noftalmologic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numeroase studii vorbesc ast\u0103zi despre efectele pe termen\nscurt c\u00e2t si pe termen lung asupra st\u0103rii oculare a factorilor chimici din\natmosfer\u0103 , luminii artificiale sau a radia\u021biilor ultraviolete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Factorii chimici<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Factorii chimici<\/strong> principali considera\u021bi poluan\u021bi atmosferici&nbsp; cu impact negativ asupra st\u0103rii oculare sunt:\nparticulele \u00een suspensie, monoxidul de carbon, dioxidul de sulf, monoxidul \u0219i\ndioxidul de azot. Ace\u0219tia au efect at\u00e2t asupra structurilor oculare de\nsuprafa\u021b\u0103 dar \u0219i asupra retinei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suprafa\u0163a ocular\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een contact direct cu mediul, fiind mult mai expus\u0103 factorilor poluan\u0163i atmosferici. Ace\u015fti factori au acces direct asupra filmului lacrimal, corneei \u015fi conjunctivei \u015fi le pot afecta. Cea mai comun\u0103 afec\u0163iune ocular\u0103 de suprafa\u021b\u0103 datorat\u0103 polu\u0103rii atmosferice descris\u0103 \u00een literatur\u0103 este <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/en\/sindromul-de-ochi-uscat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sindromul de ochi uscat<\/a><\/em><\/strong>. Acesta este descris ca fiind o tulburare a filmului lacrimal. Se manifest\u0103 prin disconfort ocular, senza\u021bie de corp str\u0103in ( ,,nisip \u00een ochi\u201d), ochi ro\u0219u, vedere \u00eence\u021bo\u0219at\u0103 tranzitorie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Filmul lacrimal este compus din 3 straturi&nbsp;:lipidic,\napos si mucos. Cre\u0219terea nivelului factorilor poluan\u021bi chimici duce la\nmodificarea ph-ului filmului lacrimal. Studiile demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 modificarea\nph-ului filmului lacrimal duce la hiperplazia celulelor caliciforme\nconjunctivale responsabile de formarea stratului mucos al filmului lacrimal.\nPrin urmare, se va instala hiposecre\u021bia lacrimal\u0103 iar componenta apoas\u0103 va fi\nsecretat\u0103 deficitar.Pe de alt\u0103 parte, alterarea stratului lipidic sub ac\u021biunea\nfactorilor exogeni, duce la evaporarea crescut\u0103 a stratului lacrimal apos.\u00cen\nfinal,\u00een ambele cazuri, se produce destabilizarea filmului lacrimal cu un real\ndiscomfort ocular. In cadrul acestei afec\u021biuni, un rol important \u00eel joac\u0103 \u0219i\nfactorii climatici ca \u0219i v\u00e2ntul puternic, umiditatea sc\u0103zut\u0103, temperaturile\ncrescute, presiunea atmosferic\u0103, toate exacerb\u00e2nd simptomatologia tipic\u0103 de\nochi uscat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Persoanele cu un risc \u00een plus \u00een a\ndezvolta sindrom de ochi uscat sunt fum\u0103torii, femeile, persoanele\nhipermetroape, purt\u0103torii de lentile de contact,persoanele diagnosticate cu\nsindrom Sjogren, persoanele care se afl\u0103 sub anumit\u0103 medica\u021bie (\nantihistaminice, beta-blocante, anticolinergice, fenotiazine,diuretice, topice\nanti-glaucomatoase) , persoanele cu blefarit\u0103 cronic\u0103 sau cu anomalii\npalpebrale (ectropion, lagoftalmie)&nbsp; .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Datorit\u0103 sc\u0103derii fluxului apos , posibilitatea apari\u021biei\nunei infec\u021bii locale este ridicat\u0103. \u00cen lipsa unui tratament adecvat, sindromul\nde ochi uscat se poate complica cu afectarea corneei, produc\u00e2nd eroziuni,\nulcera\u021bii \u0219i se poate ajunge chiar la pierderea vederii.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Studii recente au demonstrat&nbsp; faptul c\u0103 zonele \u00een care NO2 \u0219i CO au fost\n\u00eenregistrate \u00een concentra\u021bii mari, rata inciden\u021bei degenerescen\u021bei maculare\nlegate de v\u00e2rst\u0103 este semnificativ mai crescut\u0103.Aceast\u0103 patologie se manifest\u0103\nprin alterarea vederii centrale \u0219i modificarea formelor imaginilor percepute.\nPersoanele care locuiesc \u00een zonele aglomerate din ora\u0219e au&nbsp; cu 92% mai multe \u0219anse de a dezvolta boala,\ncomparativ cu cei care locuiesc \u00een zone cu concentra\u021bii mai sc\u0103zute ale acestor\npoluan\u021bi. De subliniat este faptul c\u0103 ace\u0219ti poluan\u021bi produc modific\u0103ri la\nnivel celular prin molecule reactive \u0219i radicali liberi. Ace\u0219ti poluan\u021bi nu\nproduc leziuni maculare prin efectul direct asupra ochilor, ci ajung\u00e2nd la\n\u021besutul \u021bint\u0103 prin circulatia sanguin\u0103, odat\u0103 ce au fost inhala\u021bi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Lumina artificial\u0103<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un alt aspect care a inceput sa c\u00e2\u0219tige tot mai\nmult\u0103 aten\u021bie la nivel global este ceea ce se nume\u0219te <strong><em>,, light pollution\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. Acest termen se refer\u0103 la expunerea\nprelungit\u0103 la lumina artificial\u0103 d\u0103un\u0103toare pentru ochi. Odat\u0103 cu dezvoltarea\nsurselor de lumin\u0103 artificial\u0103, s-a perturbat ritmul circadian \u0219i ciclul\nlumin\u0103-\u00eentuneric dat de lumina solar\u0103.&nbsp;\nIluminatul stradal, computerele, tabletele, smartphone-urile\n,televizorul, LED-urile,&nbsp; lucrul \u00een\nschimburi ,timpul petrecut \u00een trafic pe timp de noapte, toate contribuie la o\nexpunere suplimentar\u0103 a ochilor no\u0219tri la lumina albastr\u0103.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pe termen scurt, se manifest\u0103 ca \u0219i o combina\u021bie \u00eentre discomfortul ocular \u0219i deficien\u021ba vizual\u0103. Lumina albastr\u0103 se disperseaz\u0103 mai u\u0219or dec\u00e2t alte lumini vizibile \u0219i nu este at\u00e2t de u\u0219or de focalizat. Efortul de focalizare reduce contrastul \u0219i poate contribui la apari\u021bia oboselii oculare. Cu siguran\u021b\u0103 mul\u021bi am experimentat discomfort ocular dup\u0103 ce am folosit mai mult timp telefonul mobil sau laptop-ul la servici sau acas\u0103, de asemenea deficien\u021b\u0103 vizual\u0103 \u00een trafic pe timp de noapte, odat\u0103 cu intersectarea cu autovehiculele care circul\u0103 \u00een sens invers dec\u00e2t noi. Pe termen lung, lumina albastr\u0103 agraveaz\u0103 sindromul de ochi uscat \u0219i contribuie la apari\u021bia degenerescen\u021bei maculare legate de v\u00e2rst\u0103.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E\nimportant s\u0103 fim con\u0219tien\u021bi de aceste efecte \u0219i s\u0103 lu\u0103m m\u0103suri at\u00e2t pentru noi\nc\u00e2t \u0219i pentru copiii no\u0219tri care sunt expu\u0219i acestui tip de poluare de la\nv\u00e2rste tot mai mici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"397\" src=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/efectele-mediului-asupra-ochilor-oftalmologie-1024x397.png\" alt=\"schimbarile mediului \u0219i efectele asupra ochilor, oftalmologie\" class=\"wp-image-6387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/efectele-mediului-asupra-ochilor-oftalmologie-1024x397.png 1024w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/efectele-mediului-asupra-ochilor-oftalmologie-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/efectele-mediului-asupra-ochilor-oftalmologie-768x297.png 768w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/efectele-mediului-asupra-ochilor-oftalmologie-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/efectele-mediului-asupra-ochilor-oftalmologie.png 1402w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Razele ultraviolete<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numite \u0219i\nraze UV, <strong><em>razele ultraviolete<\/em><\/strong> sunt de fapt radia\u021bii\nelectromagnetice cu o lungime de und\u0103 mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t radia\u021biile luminii\npercepute de ochiul omenesc.Soarele\nemite radia\u021bii UV, acestea find blocate \u00een mod normal in propor\u021bie destul de\nmare de stratul de ozon. Odat\u0103 cu sub\u021bierea stratului de ozon, un binecunoscut\nefect al polu\u0103rii, intensitatea razelor UV este mai mare \u0219i mai nociv\u0103.Cele mai\nafectate structuri oculare sunt pleoapele, corneea \u0219i cristalinul, deoarece acestea\nau capacitatea crescut\u0103 de a absoarbe radia\u021biile cu lungime de und\u0103 scurt\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Expunerea\npe termen scurt poate produce&nbsp; la nivelul\ntegumentului periocular arsuri locale, manifestate prin edem palpebral, rosea\u021b\u0103\n\u0219i senza\u021bie de c\u0103ldur\u0103 local\u0103. La nivelul corneei, produce fotocheratita\ndescris\u0103 cu vedere \u00eence\u021bo\u0219at\u0103, sensibilitate exagerat\u0103 la lumin\u0103, l\u0103crimare \u00een\nexces, senza\u021bie de corp strain. Aceste afec\u021biuni, sub tratament corespunz\u0103tor\nlocal \u0219i ini\u021biat la timp se remit f\u0103r\u0103 leziuni ireversibile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Expunerea pe termen lung afecteaz\u0103 pleoapele cu dezvoltarea carcinomului bazocelular, conjunctiva prin apari\u021bia pterigionului sau cristalinul cu dezvoltarea <a href=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/en\/totul-despre-cataracta\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cataractei<\/a>. Toate aceste afec\u021biuni impun necesitatea unei interven\u021bii chirurgicale ca \u0219i m\u0103sur\u0103 de tratament.&nbsp; Expunerea mare la UV poate determina leziuni retiniene ireversibile datorit\u0103 efectului fotochimic al radia\u021biilor asupra epiteliului pigmentar retinian \u0219i celulelor fotoreceptoare. Literatura de specialitate \u00eencadreaz\u0103 aceste leziuni \u00een patologia descris\u0103 ca retinopatie solar\u0103. De\u0219i se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 foarte rar, aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune este asociat\u0103 cu o sc\u0103dere important\u0103 a acuit\u0103\u021bii vizuale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a v\u0103 proteja c\u00e2t mai bine ochii de efectele polu\u0103rii\nv\u0103 putem acorda urm\u0103toarele sfaturi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00cen cazul \u00een care apare senza\u0163ia de m\u00e2nc\u0103rime,\n\u00een\u0163ep\u0103turi sau senza\u0163ia de corp str\u0103in \u00eenso\u021bite de l\u0103crimare \u00een exces ,\nconsulta\u021bi imediat medicul oftalmolog.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dac\u0103 vi-au fost prescrise lacrimi artificiale la\nun consult oftalmologic, folosi\u021bi-le cu regularitate. Dac\u0103 ve\u021bi \u00eentrerupe\nadministrarea lor, simptomele de ochi uscat vor reveni. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Purt\u0103torilor de lentile de contact, v\u0103\nrecomand\u0103m varianta dailies \u00een loc de cele night&amp;day , mult mai nocive \u00een\ncondi\u021biile de poluare actuale. De asemenea, este foarte important s\u0103 opta\u021bi\npentru lentile de contact de calitate, a c\u0103ror textur\u0103&nbsp; v\u0103 va feri de irita\u021bii oculare \u0219i posibile\neroziuni corneene. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dac\u0103 lucra\u021bi mult la calculator, folosi\u021bi\nochelari cu protec\u021bie special\u0103 \u00eempotriva luminii albastre. Face\u021bi pauze la\nfiecare 30 de minute de lucru, \u00een care s\u0103 clipi\u021bi mai des \u0219i s\u0103 privi\u021bi \u00een\ndep\u0103rtare, preferabil spre un spa\u021biu verde.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limita\u021bi timpul petrecut de copiii vo\u0219tri la\ncalculator\/smartphone, asigura\u021bi-le protec\u021bia necesar\u0103 \u0219i evita\u021bi luminile de\nveghe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evita\u021bi plimb\u0103rile , mersul pe biciclet\u0103 sau\njoggingul prin zonele aglomerate la orele de v\u00e2rf. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Folosi\u021bi ochelari de soare cu filtru \u00eempotriva\nradia\u021biilor UV&nbsp; , chiar \u0219i dac\u0103 afar\u0103\neste u\u0219or \u00eennorat.&nbsp; <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cel mai important \u00eens\u0103 este s\u0103&nbsp; v\u0103 prezenta\u021bi la consult oftalmologic\nperiodic pentru a \u00een\u021belege mai bine care sunt riscurile la care sunte\u021bi expus\n\u0219i pentru a v\u0103 fi oferit un tratament individualizat \u0219i specific. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Descoperi\u021bi mai multe informa\u021bii valoroase despre oftalmologie \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tatea ochilor vizion\u00e2nd materialele realizate de exper\u021bi \u00een domeniu de pe canalul nostru de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@profmunteanu\">YouTube<\/a>.<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dr. Pac Cristina Patricia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Specialist ophthalmologist <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Dr-Cristina-Pac-oftalmologie.jpeg\" alt=\"Dr. Cristina Pac medic oftalmolog la Centrul Oftalmologic Prof. Dr. Munteanu din Timisoara\" class=\"wp-image-6790\" width=\"159\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Dr-Cristina-Pac-oftalmologie.jpeg 427w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Dr-Cristina-Pac-oftalmologie-200x300.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Dr-Cristina-Pac-oftalmologie-8x12.jpeg 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 159px) 100vw, 159px\" \/><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Descoper\u0103 cum schimb\u0103rile mediului influen\u021beaz\u0103 ochii no\u0219tri \u0219i efectele asociate. Articolul nostru analizeaz\u0103 \u00een profunzime impactul schimb\u0103rilor mediului asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii ochilor \u0219i modul \u00een care putem proteja vederii noastre pre\u021bioase. De la poluarea aerului la expunerea excesiv\u0103 la lumina albastr\u0103 emis\u0103 de dispozitivele electronice, vom explora solu\u021bii practice \u0219i sfaturi utile pentru a men\u021bine ochii [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Schimb\u0103rile mediului \u0219i efectele asupra ochilor no\u0219tri - Clinica Oftalmologica Dr. Munteanu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/en\/schimbarile-mediului-si-efectele-asupra-ochilor-nostri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Schimb\u0103rile mediului \u0219i efectele asupra ochilor no\u0219tri - Clinica Oftalmologica Dr. Munteanu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Descoper\u0103 cum schimb\u0103rile mediului influen\u021beaz\u0103 ochii no\u0219tri \u0219i efectele asociate. Articolul nostru analizeaz\u0103 \u00een profunzime impactul schimb\u0103rilor mediului asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii ochilor \u0219i modul \u00een care putem proteja vederii noastre pre\u021bioase. 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