{"id":3085,"date":"2022-09-28T13:49:37","date_gmt":"2022-09-28T12:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/?page_id=3085"},"modified":"2026-06-03T14:12:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T13:12:10","slug":"degenerescenta-maculara","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/en\/degenerescenta-maculara\/","title":{"rendered":"Macular Degeneration"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3085\" class=\"elementor elementor-3085\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d5cfef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0d5cfef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f246d9\" data-id=\"2f246d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c92a2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c92a2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Age-related macular degeneration: <br>the main cause of blindness in industrialised countries<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dbcf759 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dbcf759\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-823628d\" data-id=\"823628d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-155e209 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"155e209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e958968 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e958968\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1778443\" data-id=\"1778443\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26de70a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26de70a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Degenerescenta macular\u0103 legat\u0103 de v\u00e2rst\u0103 este o afec\u021biune ocular\u0103 progresiv\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 vederea central\u0103 \u0219i este cel mai frecvent\u0103 cauz\u0103 a orbirii \u00een r\u00e2ndul persoanelor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub denumirea simpl\u0103 de degenerescenta macular\u0103, se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin deteriorarea maculei, o mic\u0103 zon\u0103 central\u0103 a retinei responsabil\u0103 de claritatea vederii.<\/p><p>Simptomele degenerescentei maculare includ distorsiuni ale imaginilor, sc\u0103derea acuit\u0103\u021bii vizuale \u0219i dificultatea de a recunoa\u0219te fe\u021be sau de a citi textele mici. Chiar dac\u0103 nu exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 un remediu complet pentru aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune, exist\u0103 op\u021biuni de tratament precum chirurgia pentru degenerescenta macular\u0103 \u0219i tratamentul cu laser, care pot \u00eencetini progresia bolii \u0219i pot ameliora simptomele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d73e08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d73e08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6866b8\" data-id=\"a6866b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7955c73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7955c73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-612a600 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"612a600\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f50b7bc\" data-id=\"f50b7bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c549e4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c549e4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30ff13d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30ff13d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7231769\" data-id=\"7231769\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd20717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd20717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Age-related macular degeneration is an acquired retinal degeneration that causes significant central visual impairment through a combination of tissue changes (abnormalities of the drusen and retinal pigment epithelium) and neovascular disorders (formation of a choroidal neovascular membrane). Affects people over the age of 55.  The genetic component is implicated in the development of this disease, although environmental, nutritional and developmental (i.e., ageing) processes interact to influence the onset and progression of macular degeneration.<\/p><p>AMD is the leading cause of blindness in industrialised countries. Globally, the number of people with AMD is expected to increase from 196 million in 2020 to 288 million by 2040. By this time, Asia is predicted to have the highest number of people with the disease. Distinct patterns of prevalence and phenotype are observed between geographical areas, but the causes cannot be fully explained.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46bf061 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"46bf061\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9f74d4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9f74d4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f81c11e\" data-id=\"f81c11e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-097de6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"097de6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. How is it classified?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fbb0dee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fbb0dee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13ea89a\" data-id=\"13ea89a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af51e28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af51e28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>MLVD is classified into early, intermediate and advanced\/late stages. Early and intermediate stages, when visual symptoms are usually absent or mild, are characterised by macular deposits (drusen) and abnormalities of the retinal pigment epithelium.<\/p><p>Late AMD is divided into neovascular and atrophic forms, although these can coexist. The defining lesions are macular neovascularization and geographic atrophy, respectively. At this stage, visual symptoms are often severe and irreversible and may include marked decrease in central vision in both eyes. For these reasons, the condition has major implications for individuals and society, as affected individuals may experience a substantial decrease in quality of life and independence.<\/p><p>Recent advances in retinal imaging have led to the recognition of an expanded set of disease phenotypes, including retinal pseudodrusen, non-exudative macular neovascularization and various subtypes of atrophy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-338892d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"338892d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6cf6926\" data-id=\"6cf6926\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d9c19a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8d9c19a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-400edb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"400edb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cdde93e\" data-id=\"cdde93e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c49f4a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c49f4a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. What are the risk factors involved in developing this disease?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c0c72b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c0c72b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3214fdf\" data-id=\"3214fdf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcfa154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bcfa154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1. <strong>Age<\/strong> - The risk of the disease increases with age, with some authors considering ageing to be the main risk factor in the development of the disease. The risk increases more than threefold in patients aged over 75 compared to the 65-74 age group (according to the Beaver Dam Eye Study; Framingham Eye Study).<\/p><p>2. <strong>Smoking<\/strong> - a ten-year smoking history is associated with increased development of exudative age-related macular degeneration. According to complex studies, smokers were twice as likely to lose vision due to age-related macular degeneration compared to non-smokers, and those who quit smoking more than 20 years ago were not at increased risk for visual acuity loss due to AMD.<\/p><p>3. <strong>Genetic predisposition and susceptibility<\/strong> - Certain genetic loci have been associated with both increased risk of developing MLVHD and different responses to treatment, such as intravitreal anti-VEGF agents.  Complement factor H plays an important genetic role in the pathogenesis of DMLV.<\/p><p>4. <strong>Other risk factors<\/strong> in the occurrence of this disease are: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, female sex, white race, hyperopia, family history.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6faee6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6faee6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81be804\" data-id=\"81be804\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e108d41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e108d41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c180e92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c180e92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c4d69a\" data-id=\"7c4d69a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e00d81a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e00d81a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"397\" src=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/degenerescenta-maculara-oftalmologie-1024x397.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6624\" alt=\"Degenerescenta maculara este o afectiune oculara progresiva\" srcset=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/degenerescenta-maculara-oftalmologie-1024x397.png 1024w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/degenerescenta-maculara-oftalmologie-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/degenerescenta-maculara-oftalmologie-768x297.png 768w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/degenerescenta-maculara-oftalmologie-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/degenerescenta-maculara-oftalmologie.png 1402w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5117330 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5117330\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-585ded3\" data-id=\"585ded3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f395a5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f395a5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5880418 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5880418\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4d8dfe\" data-id=\"d4d8dfe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ff8480 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ff8480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. How can we influence the occurrence of this disease?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73df2b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73df2b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c0b7d0\" data-id=\"0c0b7d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f268ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f268ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Smoking cessation, reduction in body mass index and treatment of hypertension are modifiable risk factors that should be addressed in patients at risk or at various stages of LVSD. Based on scientific studies, the prevalence of LVSD in ex-smokers is lower than in smokers, arguing for a possible benefit of smoking cessation. Studies on the beneficial effect of dietary antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids on the prevention of AMD have not provided sufficiently consistent results.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-875db21 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"875db21\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f5bb3b5\" data-id=\"f5bb3b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb49302 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"eb49302\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0198d3b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0198d3b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-698afc4\" data-id=\"698afc4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce36d54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce36d54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. What are the symptoms of this disease?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39aebd0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"39aebd0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c18a19\" data-id=\"1c18a19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f95613b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f95613b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Decreased visual acuity that may be insidious or sudden onset<\/li><li>Dry form DMLV constitutes 85-90% cases of DMLV and usually does not cause severe vision loss.<\/li><li>Exudative or wet AMD accounts for 10-15% of AMD cases and is the major cause of severe vision loss.<\/li><li>Blurred vision<\/li><li>Observing a black spot in the centre of the field of view<\/li><li>Visual distortions, metamorphopsia, micropsia<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-09b186a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"09b186a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f8785b\" data-id=\"3f8785b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fb8d47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0fb8d47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fea7876 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fea7876\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46214ab\" data-id=\"46214ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f47dba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f47dba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6. What investigations can be carried out to establish the diagnosis and therapeutic management?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e6d21a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e6d21a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7bb0b65\" data-id=\"7bb0b65\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba0139f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba0139f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/en\/angiofluorografia-retiniana\/\">Fluorescein angiography<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/en\/tomografia-in-coerenta-optica\/\">tomografia in coeren\u021b\u0103 optic\u0103<\/a><\/strong> are useful in assessing the presence of both exudative and dry disease. Fluorescein angiography is performed when there is suspicion of choroidal neovascular membrane formation.<\/p><p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a method of obtaining high-resolution optical cross-sections. OCT has become indispensable in the evaluation of patients with AMD. Imaging helps to assess and classify lesions, as well as monitor responses to treatment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b7b6eb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b7b6eb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7301312\" data-id=\"7301312\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a28e72c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a28e72c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-324253d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"324253d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a0d240a\" data-id=\"a0d240a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cddac4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cddac4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7. Disease management<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-61cfaaa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"61cfaaa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2408af0\" data-id=\"2408af0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-865c298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"865c298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Treatment differs depending on the type of lesion, dry or exudative.<\/p><p>CT monitoring of lesions associated with modification of risk factors and nutritional supplementation is the main treatment for the dry form of the disease. However, current studies are ongoing to evaluate inhibition of the complement pathway for the treatment of geographic atrophy in patients with dry AMD. Currently, no treatment modality is approved for the treatment of geographic atrophy. The exudative form of VMLD is managed with more frequent examinations and intravitreal injections with anti-VEGF agents or laser treatments.<\/p><p>Optical coherence tomography and intraocular injection therapy with anti-VEGF agents) have revolutionized the treatment of exudative AMD. Ranibizumab (Lucentis, Genentech, San Francisco, CA), bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech, San Francisco, CA) and aflibercept (Eylea, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY), are commonly used in the treatment of the exudative form of the disease. The latest anti-VEGF agent to be approved recently was brolucizumab (Beovu, Novartis, Cambridge, MA), which is a single-chain antibody fragment against VEGF that has been shown to be similar in outcome to aflibercept.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/en\/injectiile-intravitreene\/\">Injectiile intraoculare<\/a> pot salva sau ameliora acuitate vizuala, insa trebuie repetate la un anumit interval de timp intre1-3 luni in functie de raspunsul tesuturilor oculare. Complianta pacientului la tratament scade cu timpul, iar in anumite situatii, desi structural observam efectul injectiei, acuitatea vizuala nu se imbunatateste.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d7fcd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d7fcd2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c107ccd\" data-id=\"c107ccd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7af9478 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7af9478\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Very important to remember is that this disease can lead to blindness. We therefore recommend frequent ophthalmological check-ups and strict adherence to medical advice. <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39e0090 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"39e0090\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12748ec\" data-id=\"12748ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84e5ddf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"84e5ddf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2adfa9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2adfa9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8bee2f5\" data-id=\"8bee2f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-710e4f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"710e4f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Descoperi\u021bi mai multe informa\u021bii valoroase despre oftalmologie \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tatea ochilor vizion\u00e2nd materialele realizate de exper\u021bi \u00een domeniu de pe canalul nostru de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@profmunteanu\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">YouTube<\/span><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ba2a4ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ba2a4ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af0305d\" data-id=\"af0305d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f8fe5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5f8fe5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2650be elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e2650be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d62043 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d62043\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-127d17d\" data-id=\"127d17d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bdefa2 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"8bdefa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/CV-Dr-Preda-Alexandra.pdf\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/dr-Alexandra-Preda.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1612\" alt=\"medic primar oftalmolog\" srcset=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/dr-Alexandra-Preda.png 1000w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/dr-Alexandra-Preda-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/dr-Alexandra-Preda-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/dr-Alexandra-Preda-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/CV-Dr-Preda-Alexandra.pdf\">Head of Work Dr. Alexandra Preda, PhD<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Dr. Alexandra Preda is a primary ophthalmologist at Prof. Dr. Munteanu Ophthalmology Center since 2017, with experience in clinical examinations and investigations of eye diseases, specializing in cataract surgery, laser surgery for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, intraocular injections for retinal pathology. He is also Head of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy \"Victor Babes\" in Timisoara and Doctor of Medical Sciences. Dr. Preda is an elite doctor with European credentials, following specialization courses in the field, in Austria, Bulgaria, Slovenia or Turkey, that we are proud to have in our team of experts completely dedicated to ophthalmology.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3f88ae7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3f88ae7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32c8b10\" data-id=\"32c8b10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c346e72 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c346e72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg\" href=\"https:\/\/oftalmologica.ro.programarionline.sophtha.com\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Consult Programming<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Degenerescenta maculara legata de varsta: principala cauza a orbirii, in tarile industrializate Degenerescenta macular\u0103 legat\u0103 de v\u00e2rst\u0103 este o afec\u021biune ocular\u0103 progresiv\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 vederea central\u0103 \u0219i este cel mai frecvent\u0103 cauz\u0103 a orbirii \u00een r\u00e2ndul persoanelor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub denumirea simpl\u0103 de degenerescenta macular\u0103, se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin deteriorarea maculei, o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3085","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Degenerescenta Maculara - Clinica Oftalmologica Dr. Munteanu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/profmunteanu.ro\/en\/degenerescenta-maculara\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Degenerescenta Maculara - Clinica Oftalmologica Dr. Munteanu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Degenerescenta maculara legata de varsta: principala cauza a orbirii, in tarile industrializate Degenerescenta macular\u0103 legat\u0103 de v\u00e2rst\u0103 este o afec\u021biune ocular\u0103 progresiv\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 vederea central\u0103 \u0219i este cel mai frecvent\u0103 cauz\u0103 a orbirii \u00een r\u00e2ndul persoanelor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103. 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